ASTM is a footwear testing standard that covers the construction and manufacture of footwear, making the protective sole as well as the heel an integral and permanent part of the footwear. The standard contains requirements for evaluating the performance of footwear, including adhesion of the finished shoe, yellowing resistance of the upper, tensile and tear strength of the lining material, flexing and stiffness properties of the sole, adhesion of the heel, etc.